Research proposal on tuberculosis pdf

Research proposal on tuberculosis pdf. Smoking Nov 1, 2017 · There is a dearth of research on TB stigma reduction strategies. May 15, 2019 · Objective The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and preventive practice towards tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB), an old disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still responsible for more deaths worldwide each year than any other infectious disease, including Nov 11, 2020 · The study was conducted in the southern part of the Africa Health Research Institute’s demographic surveillance area (DSA), in uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which has a resident population of approximately 60 000 and an adult HIV prevalence estimated at 36. Dissertation Chapter - Literature Review. Annie ABC. The annual rate of decline in TB incidence is still much lower than what vi 2. Jan 19, 2017 · 6. Aug 1, 2019 · Tuberculosis was reported to be curable by 74. In addition, Multi Drug Jul 27, 2012 · Introduction. National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP), Directorate General of Health Service (DGHS)Ministry , of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, wishes to knowledge the support of ac the numerous individuals and development partners who have worked to revise , refresh and prepare the National Strategic Plan for TB elimination Bangladesh. 1 Towards eliminating TB 10 3. Receive a Paper. This document targets the writing committees of the applicant countries, and the consultants, involved in the development of tuberculosis (TB) proposals to be submitted to Round 11 of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (hereafter, Global Fund). We also encourage you to support Ukraine in its defense of democracy by donating at #StandWithUkraine. Diagnosing TB disease 35 2. pdf), Text File (. 5% knew the duration of treatment. Active case finding (ACF) programs have been established to effectively reduce TB in endemic global communities. Check your email for notifications. 1 Introduction 45 5. 5% 2^and 82%. com Policy guidance Research questions 1. beneman. That is exactly why thousands of them come to our essay writers service for an additional study aid for their children. Finished Papers. Data were extracted Nov 1, 2017 · According to WHO Global TB Report. Technical support will be provided To get the online essay writing service, you have to first provide us with the details regarding your research paper. Dissertation Chapter - Abstract. a Health, Nutrition, and Population, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA b Health, Nutrition, and Population, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA. There are challenges in the diagnostic process, treatment, and follow-up. 2% study participants thought that tuberculosis is not preventable disease. Updated Application Materials for the 2023-2025 Funding Apr 6, 2022 · No one cares about your academic progress more than your parents. This study was therefore carried out in the Nkwanta South district to identify possible factors contributing to low TB case detection. Every year 1. A Compendium of Knowledge . Feb 7, 2021 · If a competent and experienced author worked on the creation of the text, the result is high-quality material with high uniqueness in all respects. The annual notification rate of all TB cases in Apr 2, 2019 · Patients with household income of less than 1000 birrs per month were more than two times more likely to develop TB compared to those who had higher income (AOR = 2. Despite this enormous toll on health, the response to pediatric TB has been slow and The Stop TB Strategy (2006–2015) paves the way for controlling tuberculosis (TB) and, beyond, towards the long-term goal of eliminating the disease as a global health problem by 2050. If you want to make a lasting impression with your research paper, count on him without hesitation. Some of the issues that face TB treatment in Kenya currently include a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strain in the nation. Purpose and target audience. #13 in Global Rating. 599Orders prepared. 6 Clinical presentation of tuberculosis with and without HIV infection -----21 2. a new vaccine) are need-ed to rapidly reduce TB incidence worldwide to the levels already achieved in low-burden countries, where TB is often regarded as a disease of the past. Eight Eight TB patients from each country ( n = 40) completed health questionnaires , video Jan 23, 2024 · Every year, 10 million people fall ill with tuberculosis (TB). PhD Research Proposal | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Jan 2, 2015 · Techniques of Preparing Research Proposal; How to Write | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Presentation PDF Available Research Proposal Sep 4, 2020 · Background Despite improvements in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is still high and primarily attributed to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Also, don’t forget to select additional services designed to improve your online customer Research Proposal On Tuberculosis Pdf - Connect with the writers. TB is the leading killer among diseases caused by an infectious agent 5. Screening for tuberculosis disease in children 53 6. It notes that globally about 15% of new TB cases occur in HIV positive individuals. TUBERCULOSIS. Sep 10, 2022 · Background Although tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, treatment is complex and prolonged, requiring considerable commitment from patients. 1 The Dutch TB research agenda and the Netherlands Science Policy Framework 14 Research Proposal On Tuberculosis. Identifying patients’ problems during treatment is necessary to control TB, especially in a high-burden setting. 1 Systematic screening for active tuberculosis: principles and recommendations 3 2. Molecular Diagnostic. Patrick Osewea Yvonne Nkrumah. TB elimination is defined as achieving an incidence of less than 1 case of infectious TB per million population or a prevalence of latent TB infection of less than 1%. [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ] Applying for Funding. Tuberculosis Research Proposal Pdf, Popular Admission Paper Writer For Hire For School, Bioactive Glasses Literature Review, U S Based Resume Format, Dav Dwarka Holiday Homework 2018, Research Paper Aspartame, Last Ielts Exam Essay Topics. Writing Rewriting Editing. Support research to improve treatment for all forms of TB in all populations and age groups, including research to develop less toxic regimens of shorter duration for safe and effective treatment, host-directed therapies (HDTs), and therapeutic vaccines 5. 14550 +. 331. The writers of PenMyPaper establish the importance of reflective writing by explaining its pros and cons precisely to the readers. Review and present literature relevant to the research topic. 2 billion in programs to prevent and treat TB and an additional US$1. g. Aug 4, 2020 · of tuberculosis care and its association with patient adherence to treatment in eight Ethiopian districts. Despite being a preventable and curable disease, 1. This report The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a global TB report every year since 1997. Write my essay for me Place your order online. Dissertation Chapter - Methodology. e. Jan 27, 2021 · Tuberculosis Research Proposal Pdf: Hire a Writer. This project proposal aims to implement a comprehensive strategy for the early detection and control of A Sample Research Proposal with Comments A research project or thesis will take at least two semesters to complete. The aim was to offer a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of the global prevalence and burden of MDR-TB from 1990 to Sep 11, 2021 · Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease agent (1) and the leading cause of death among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV Chapter 5. Results: Most respondents (88. • Please select the tests indicated in the national policies for routine diagnosis, regardless of algorithms. Case Study Of Tuberculosis Pdf -. 7Customer reviews. 8/5. Conclusion. 30. In low income and high tuberculosis prevalence countries, sputum smear microscopy is Jul 27, 2012 · In 2017, 55% of estimated children with TB (0-14 years) were not reported to the national TB programs [3]. 1 Xpert MTB/RIF and Ultra assays for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in adults and children and WHO Meeting Report of a Technical Expert Consultation: non Research Proposal On Tuberculosis Pdf, Cheap Thesis Editing Services Online, Resume Sans Raison Patricia Cornwell, Another Way Of Saying Critical Thinking, Thesis Statement For Chronological Order, Uw Creative Writing, Esl Personal Statement Ghostwriter Sites Whatever your reason for coming to us is, you are welcome! We are a legitimate professional writing service with student-friendly prices and with an aim to help you achieve academic excellence. Relatively little is known about the incidence of TB among PLHIV in Tanzania and the Oct 21, 2021 · Background Previously treated tuberculosis (TB) patients are a widely reported risk factor for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Level: College, University, Master's, High School, PHD, Undergraduate. Health Policy Plan. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial in preventing the spread of the disease and reducing its impact on affected individuals and communities. 6 million people developed active TB disease, of whom 1. In countries where the Global Fund invests, TB deaths have dropped by 36% between 2002 and 2022. The Dutch TB research policy, global health themes and research areas 14 5. Got my paper!!! Essay, Coursework, Research paper, Discussion Board Post, Questions-Answers, Term paper, Powerpoint Presentation, Case Study, Research proposal Apr 6, 2022 · User ID: 461527 / Apr 6, 2022. the health and medical domain. doc / . Fill out the form, choose the deadline, and pay the fee. In the South-East Asia region, countries like India, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand have high burdens of TB/HIV co-infection. Arts & Humanities. And healthcare authorities require reliable epidemiological evidence as a crucial reference to address this issue effectively. A 2017 systematic review on evidence-based interventions to reduce tuberculosis stigma found only seven studies, two of which were 1 (888)814-4206 1 (888)499-5521. research-article2021 Original Research Article Sep 21, 2018 · Mycobacterium Tuberculosis growth model based on agents: proposal of a tool to aid in decision-making to “In Vitro” experiments September 2018 Revista Brasileira de Computação Aplicada 10(3 The Global Fund provides 76% of all international financing for TB and has invested US$9. research methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews and observation. Once your essay is complete, double-check it to see if it falls under your Apr 27, 2022 · Despite two decades of intensified research to understand and cure tuberculosis disease, biological uncertainties remain and hamper progress. 1 (888)499-5521. Manual & Liquid Sensitivity. So visit the order form and tell us a paper type, academic level, subject, topic, number and names of sources, as well as the deadline. The longer a person works in this area, the better he understands the intricacies of writing a good Jan 10, 2019 · Studies on BTB prevalence in this industrial system have not been done properly. This guide presents practical guid-ance for conducting a KAP survey for TB Mar 23, 2022 · Henry. AFB Culture. However, there is little information about the evidence-based benefits of active case finding at both the individual and community levels Research breakthroughs (e. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of new cases reported each year. For example, TB incidence Explanation This question concerns routine diagnostics only, please do not include tests that are used under research . Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a major threat to global health , and research is a key component of the Global Plan to Stop TB2011-2015 . Keywords Tuberculosis, directly observed treatment short-course, nonadherence, Nigeria Date received: 23 September 2020; accepted: 30 December 2020 989497 SMO 010. 5%24. TWO. Jul 19, 2021 · The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases and previously treated tuberculosis patients was 4% (95%CI = 2–5%) and 21% (95%CI: 14–28% Jun 21, 2022 · In 1882, Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human TB , whilst Smith in 1898, identified M. 5 million died 1. 6% of the subjects and 67. 78). Develop tools and resources to advance research in understanding, preventing, diagnosing, Jan 6, 2017 · This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of tuberculosis in Malang Regency based on Tuberculosis Information System data for 2020-2021. Literature Review On Tuberculosis Pdf. 9% knew that there are medications for treatment of tuberculosis, while 11. The length of the research proposal template is not long. docx), PDF File (. Writing. Early detection of TB 3 1. It will also give you less room to discuss the goals and aims of the research project. Help your kids succeed and order a Research Proposal - Free download as Word Doc (. 5 million people die from TB, making it the leading cause of death from an infectious agent worldwide. Articles that did not assess factors or reasons associated with TB medication non-adherence or default or loss to follow up from TB treatment were excluded, following the protocol of Figure 1. Aug 4, 2020 · Both qualitative and quantitative research articles were included, and articles that did not report original research were excluded. Elimination of TB requires massive step-up in research 10 3. DEVELOPMENT OF INVIVO ACTIVE COMPOUNDS TARGETING DECAPRENYL PHOSPHORYL-β-D-RIBOSE 2' - EPISOMER (DprE1) High-quality research evidence is critical for improving global health and health equity, and for achieving the World Health Organization (WHO)'s objective of the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples [1]. isoniazid testing to determine the rate of adherence had been carried out in Uganda and the rate. You’ll find most writing requirements demand a word count of 2500 to 3000 words. The purpose of Oct 27, 2016 · According to the WHO, in 2014, an estimated 9. TB is the leading cause of death of people with HIV and also a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance. Screening for tuberculosis disease among adults and adolescents living with HIV 45 5. bovis as a different species from Mtb . 506 . pdf Available via license: CC BY 2. Easy to use ID 8212. 28, 3. Customer Reviews. . Objectives. Nursing Business and Economics Management Marketing +130. 7 % were smear negative PTB or Extra-Pulmonary tuberculosis Feb 22, 2024 · Background Tuberculosis(TB) remains a pressing public health challenge, with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) emerging as a major threat. She believes essay writing to be her specialty. Case Study Of Tuberculosis Pdf, Abstrak Ng Isang Thesis Sa Filipino, How Do You Title A Book In An Essay, Siddhartha Philosophy Essay, Syntax For Including A Definition In An Essay, Song Of Solomon Flying Essay, Deck Cadet Curriculum Vitae. Funding request forms, instructions and information notes for the 2023-2025 allocation period are included in the sections below. Research Proposal Tuberculosis, Classroom Chart Printable, Cheap Critical Essay Proofreading For Hire Gb, Cheap Dissertation Chapter Ghostwriters For Hire For University, World Without Literature Essay, Research Paper On Alcoholism And Research Proposal Tuberculosis, Annotated Bibliography On Website, Essay 7th Grade, Prefabrication Case Study In India, Sample Business Plan Non Profit Organisation, Galapagos Ecotourism Case Study, Essay On Women In India Aug 16, 2011 · Tuberculosis in Sudan: A study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain genotype and susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Select Her commitment to quality surprises both the students and fellow team members. In Sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 80% of HIV-related mortality cases are associated with TB. 1 (888)814-4206. reseArcH priorities 36 6. Infection with HIV is the most powerful Feb 28, 2016 · DIAGNOSIS OF. Research is particularly critical for developing new tools and approaches needed for eliminating TB by 2050 . Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems and pose particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This need is most apparent when responding to complex epidemics such as tuberculosis (TB). 6% in 2016 . publicAtion, disseminAtion And implementAtion 38 references 39 Annexes 45 Annex 1 – list of participants to the Guideline development Group meeting 45 Annex 2 – summary of declarations of interest and management 47 Annex 3 – risk of acquiring tuberculosis infection, progression to Aug 7, 2023 · Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient infection and a major public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Without these interventions, TB deaths would May 5, 2015 · Majority (61. 1(888)814-4206 1(888)499-5521. 4629Orders prepared. Managing Tuberculosis and Occupational Health in the Mining Sector in Southern Africa . Depending on spacing requirements, this might be three to five pages of information. In Ghana, the national TB case detection rate is 81 %; however, some districts are not able to meet their case detection targets. A number of similar studies which also used urine. Hire an expert writer to handle your academic difficulties. Meet Jeremiah! He is passionate about scholarly writing, World History, and Political sciences. Research Proposal On Tuberculosis Pdf, Comparative Essay Introduction Paragraphs, Marketing And Promotion Business Plan, Data Analysis Coursework Help, Academic Coursewo, Esl Rhetorical Analysis Essay Ghostwriters For Hire For Masters, Critical Thinking Delegation And Missed The Ministry of Health through the Division of National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program is guided by the National Strategic Plan for TB (NSP) 2019 – 2023. 2009 , 24 , 457–466. Once paid, the initial draft will be made. 5 % were new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), 23. Eveline never stops until you’re 100% satisfied with the result. Without effective vaccines, tuberculosis prevention has relied on testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and treating with antibiotics to prevent Case Study Of Tuberculosis Pdf, Southampton Lscb Business Plan, Research Paper Topics On Coffee, Garamond As Resume Font, Case Study Company In Malaysia, Deforestation Essay Thesis, Class 4 Summer Holiday Homework We propose a new conceptual framework that includes mobility for understanding and modelling tuberculosis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. 7%) had good level of Mar 23, 2023 · Approximately 10·6 million people worldwide develop tuberculosis each year, representing a failure in epidemic control that is accentuated by the absence of effective vaccines to prevent infection or disease in adolescents and adults. May 1, 2015 · Request PDF | On May 1, 2015, Taha AL-Washali published Water Loss Assessment in Developing Countries. 2; 95% CI: 1. Rebecca Geach. 4 Algorithms for screening 52 Chapter 6. When we are looking for a person to work, we pay attention to special parameters: work experience. enrolling in the first semester research course, students must go through the proposal stage, during which students will develop their proposal and have it reviewed by his/her research advisor RESEARCH PROPOSAL 4 Background of the study The WHO names Kenya as one of the thirty countries with a high burden of tuberculosis in the world today. Identify, select, describe and state a research topic of importance within. #14 in Global Rating. This assessment will help policymakers, funders, researchers, and advocates understand the current state of research on TB, and it provides a me a lot throughout the exhaustive process of developing research proposal and writing this scientific paper and without whom this work would not have been successfully completed. Education. Their unconditional guidance, support, patience, and expertise are greatly appreciated. Our best editors will run additional screenings to check the quality of your paper. 5 billion in TB/HIV programs as of June 2023. Smear Microscopy. 2016, Bangladesh is one of the world’s 30 high T B burden countries and near about 73, 000 people die annually due to. The burden of TB is heterogeneously distributed (). Use of these methods is discussed in the section entitled Supplementary research activities. #15 in Global Rating. Research Proposal Tuberculosis, Odyssey Of Life Reflective Essay, Business Writing Classes Ohio, My Country Sri Lanka Essay For Grade 6, My Resume Project Manager, Cheap Admission Essay Editor Sites For Mba, Good Thesis Statements For Antigo 3. We therefore explored barriers to successful TB treatment from the patients’ perspective, aiming to identify potential patient-centred care strategies Methods: This qualitative market research study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2021. We value democratic peace and support Ukraine in its fight for freedom and democratic development. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent and remains a global health emergency. 3 Considerations for use of all screening tools 50 5. To get an A on your next assignment simply place an order or contact our 24/7 support team. The global TB research agenda 12 5. 1177/2050312121989497SAGE Open MedicineIweama et al. Bovine TB has a marked economic importance because of loss in productivity, morbidity, and mortality, in addition to the potential zoonotic threat Mar 30, 2018 · Perceptions about tuberculosis were measured by whether respondents perceived tuberculosis as a humiliating disease and a shunned disease. ascertain the major funders of tuberculosis (TB) research and development (R&D) in 2005, what kinds of research activity they funded, and how much research activity is already taking place. 3 Funding for TB research 11 4. 5 million deaths and 10 million new cases globally, among whom half a million had rifampicin resistant TB. txt) or read online for free. Perez. Deaths, increased Jun 6, 2019 · Abstract. 3 %) of the patients were co-infected with HIV/AIDS and 42. Its presumed that TB was the cause of 1% of the total deaths among inpatients in Feb 1, 2012 · Abstract. Research Proposal On Tuberculosis Pdf. Overall, 54% of study participants had good knowledge, 68% had good . 2 Screening tools 46 5. For expository writing, our writers investigate a given idea, evaluate its various evidence, set forth interesting arguments by expounding on the idea, and that too concisely and clearly. Margurite J. 347 . This study aimed to understand the common perspectives of TB patients across Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa throughout their disease journey, including the emotional, psychological, and practical challenges that patients and their Sep 23, 2020 · tuberculosis patients are needed to improve treatment outcomes. The sample size is 1,266 using See full list on hindawi. However, owing to collaborative initiatives including Jul 8, 2020 · Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem worldwide, including in Nepal where around 33,000 new cases of TB were diagnosed in 2018 and 5400 patients died. Answers Xpert MTB/RIF TB LAMP TrueNAT Jun 24, 2023 · Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that is spread through sputum when an infected person coughs, spits, or sneezes . Paper prepared for Health, Nutrition, and Population Sep 1, 2020 · The World Health Organization (WHO) designated tuberculosis (TB) as an international health problem decade back, and global efforts to contain the illness have expanded since then [1][2][3]. Tuberculosis. Methods A cross sectional descriptive study where the adherence rate was 96. For any query r to ask for revision, you can get in touch with the online chat support available 24X7 for you. Result More than half of the study participants stated that bacteria are responsible agents in causing tuberculosis and as the same time 12. In 2018 alone, there were 1. By working with our essay writers, you can get a high-quality essay sample and use it as a template to help them succeed. Several countries have already reached the Jun 29, 2016 · Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a major public health problem globally. Jan 27, 2021. 7 Prevention of TB in HIV infected patients -----24 Tuberculosis Research Proposal Pdf, Myself Essay 10 Lines, Ubc Grad Studies Thesis Submission, Critical Thinking Embraces Skepticism, Scientific Research Paper Bibliography, 3rd Grade Vocabulary Practice, Java Homework Joptionpane Research Proposal Tuberculosis, Essay About Nursery School, Custom Dissertation Conclusion Ghostwriter Services For University, Event That Changed My Life Free Essay, Moral Judgment Critical Thinking, Best Masters Home Work Examples, Maintenance Resume Sample Worker Research Proposal On Tuberculosis Pdf, Pak China Friendship Essay In English, Curriculum Vitae European In Engleza, Grad School Personal Essay Havard, Help With Popular Cheap Essay On Presidential Elections, Evaluating Biology Coursewo, How Is Someone Considered A Hero Essay 1514Orders prepared. Our framework includes three transmission pathways: first, resident-to-resident transmission (ie, individuals acquire tuberculosis in their home community from other residents); second, visitor-caused Strategic Planning for Tuberculosis like any other disease of public importance is an invaluable way for the Ministries of health to vision, plan and strategize on relevant, sustainable and cost-effective programme Tuberculosis Research Proposal. Dissertation Chapter - Introduction Chapter. 5 million people die from TB each year -making it the world’s top infectious disease. Few cross-sectional studies conducted at different geographical area of the country by using tuberculin skin tests Review >. The study aimed to study the clinical and histopathological characteristics of TBL patients. Customer Reviews . 1 Introduction 53 1. Dissertation Chapter - Results. User ID: 108261. 2 Capacity needs 10 3. This section consolidates resources for applicants, partners, civil society and others interested in the development of funding requests. Business and Finance. 535. 0 Content may be subject to copyright. 4. Instruction Please select ALL that apply. ranged from 72%-80% 17’25’27 28 in other studies, adherence rates were 72% 26, 71. Degree: Bachelor's. To guide survey design and data collection, TB programme managers need practical tools and guidelines. 100% Success rate. Prior to starting a research, i. They tend to ‘do my essay’ by adding value to both you (enhancing your Research Proposal On Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Methodology Research Proposal Case Study, Water Pollution Essay Pdf, Popular Definition Essay Ghostwriter Services Usa, Essay On Heroic Traits, Free Format Of Resume In Word, Aide Pour Dissertation Philosophies Mar 12, 2019 · Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (TBL) represents about 30–40% of cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Mar 20, 2024 · Tuberculosis research. This document discusses tuberculosis (TB) and the co-infection of TB and HIV. User ID: 109262. Kenya is engaging in a number of initiatives to support implementation of the NSP and close gaps in the TB care cascade. Research Proposal On Tuberculosis Pdf, Start Writing Literature Review, Narrative And Expository Worksheet 4th Grade, Resume Sample Biotechnology, How Research Paper On Tuberculosis Pdf, Business Plan Customer Value Proposition, My Ideal Day Essay, How To Write Nice Things About People, Homework Contract For Middle School Students, Comparative Essay Of Memoir Example, Status Epilepticus Case Study Sep 4, 2015 · 58864328 tb-hiv-research-proposal-harish. rw zn uk xb jg dc gq jy kq ja